Most Italian verbs build their past tense with avere (to have) plus a past participle — the same pattern as English 'I have eaten', except Italians use it for any completed past action, not just recent ones.
Building the participle
- -are verbs → -ato: parlare → parlato (spoken)
- -ere verbs → -uto: vendere → venduto (sold)
- -ire verbs → -ito: dormire → dormito (slept)
Ho parlato con Marco ieri.
ho (I have) + parlato (spoken) — the pattern never changes for -are verbs.
Some common verbs break the pattern with an irregular participle — you already met three in the grammar hub (fatto, detto, visto). Add these ones now: preso (taken, from prendere), letto (read, from leggere), scritto (written, from scrivere).
Vocabulary in this lesson
ho lavorato
I worked
Ho lavorato tutto il giorno.
ho mangiato
I ate
Ho mangiato la pasta.
ho preso
I took
Ho preso il treno.
ho scritto
I wrote
Ho scritto una lettera.
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