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DolceLingo
Italian grammar
A17 min

Essere vs Avere — The Two Verbs That Run Italian

To be and to have: master these two irregular verbs and half of beginner Italian falls into place.

Essere (to be) and avere (to have) appear in almost every Italian sentence — as main verbs, and later as the helpers that build past tenses. Both are irregular, so they must simply be learned by heart. Here they are in the present tense.

  • essere: sono, sei, è, siamo, siete, sono
  • avere: ho, hai, ha, abbiamo, avete, hanno

Sono iraniana. Ho ventisette anni.

I am Iranian. I am twenty-seven years old.

Italian uses avere for age — you 'have' years, not 'are' them.

Expressions with avere

  • avere fame — to be hungry (Ho fame!)
  • avere sete — to be thirsty
  • avere fretta — to be in a hurry
  • avere paura — to be afraid

Notice the pattern: where English 'is' something, Italian often 'has' it. Spotting these differences early builds the instinct that separates textbook learners from real speakers.